WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2026
work′ func′tion, 
    1. Physicsthe least energy necessary to free an electron from a metal surface.
    2. ThermodynamicsSee Helmholtz function. 

Collins Concise English Dictionary © HarperCollins Publishers::
work function n
  1. the minimum energy required to transfer an electron from a point within a solid to a point just outside its surfaceSymbol: φ, Symbol: Φ
'work function' also found in these entries (note: many are not synonyms or translations):
Helmholtz function

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